Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
DENISOVA CAVE: A PROMINENT PALEOLITHIC SITE IN NORTH ASIA
1
21
EN
Aboualhassan
BAKRY
10.21608/shedet.004.01
<strong>Denisova Cave is situated in the Altai region of Siberia (Russia). It contains more than twenty layers of excavated artifacts indicative hominin occupation dating as far back as 280,000 years BP and as recent as the Middle Ages. The archaeological materials from the Pleistocene deposits are some of the most important sources of information regarding the Paleolithic age in Northern Asia. In the Pleistocene layers of the cave a finger bone (2008) was unearthed within stratum 11 belonging to a six or seven year-old unknown hominin girl that dates back roughly between 48,000 and 30,000 years. Later it was established that this bone belonged to a human whose mitochondrial DNA is distinct from the DNA of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans; it belongs to a new kind of hominins called Homo sapiens altaiensis – “Denisovans”.</strong><br /> <strong><br />This paper aims to shed more light on the analysis of the materials discovered within the Pleistocene layers of the cave (lithis tools, faunal, and human remains), demonstrating how multidisciplinary research and applying the scientific method in analysing a single site could reveal such unexpected, previously unknown facts, thus casting a new light on Paleolithic life in this region of North Asia.</strong>
Pleistocene,Denisova Cave,Altai,Upper Paleolithic,homo sapiens altaensis,mtDNA
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87825.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87825_d2dda3eaabe3d3b8b2c76bcf9a4edb79.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
UNPUBLISHED MUMMY BANDAGES IN THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM CAIRO
22
36
EN
Ahmed
Safina
aks00@fayoum.edu.eg
10.21608/shedet.004.02
<strong>The main purpose of this paper is the publication and study of thirteen unpublished linen strips in the Egyptian Museum Cairo. Illustrated drawings are produced for the first time. All texts preserved on these mummy bandages can be mainly divided into two types: The first type, consisting of five pieces, shows excerpts of vignettes for the Opening of the Mouth episodes (48c, 50c-d, 50h-l, 53 a-b). The second type, consisting of seven pieces, contains indefinite mortuary formulas reflecting the mythological drama of the resurrection. Furthermore, we have one linen strip which displays a part of the first chapter of the Book of the Dead.</strong>
Mummy bandage,linen - Opening of the Mouth,Resurrection - Book of the Dead
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87826.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87826_348e08c134dbe159c11b6719bfec7f14.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
WHAT IS THE TITLE OF MERREW?
37
50
EN
Islam I.
AMER
dreslam_amer@yahoo.com
10.21608/shedet.004.03
<strong>The title was found on some vessels recovered from the pyramid of Djoser, followed byMrrw(Merrew) the name of an unknown employee. This title is one of the mysterious and unclear titles. Researchers have offered various readings of this title (rmnzx?;zx a(w)?;zxXrt-a?), thus giving different meanings. The paper aims at identifying this employee through determining the most correct and closest reading of this title, deciding the time of its emergence, defining its meaning.</strong>
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87827.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87827_0c3d56b94c83d3956737cf59529ba2ef.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
Three Incomplete Limestone Stelae from Ihnasya el-Medina (Herakleopolis Magna)
51
66
EN
Hayam H.
RAWASH
Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Egypt
hhafez762@gmail.com
10.21608/shedet.004.04
<strong>This article deals with publication of three unpublished incomplete limestone stelae from Ihnasya El-Medina necropolis. The first stela was found in 2010, during work digging for a water-pipe project at the depth of five meters underground in front of El-Masharka district. The second and the third stelae were found by some thieves in the region of Ihnasya city. The police officers found two stelae and filed the report under the misdemeanor number 4083/Ihnasya 2009. These stelae were dedicated to the gods Osiris and Anubis; and are now preserved in Ihnasya El-Medina Magazine. Publishing these three stelae in one article due to that they are from one area, and it seems that they have the same type.</strong>
Limestone Stelae,Ihnasya el-Medina,Herakleopolis Magna,Incomplete Stelae,False door
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87828.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87828_e009cfa17b0615338b46f389172fe214.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
THE COINAGE OF AL-ANDALUS
68
90
EN
Almudena ARIZA
ARMADA
Madrid Global Program, New York University, Spain
aa90@nyu.edu
10.21608/shedet.004.05
<strong>This paper presents the evolution of Andalusi coins, from the first issues that appeared during the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, continuing with the Umayyad issues of Al-Andalus (Emirate and Caliphate), the Ḥammūdid ones and those of 11th century Ṭāۥ ifas’ as well as the ones issued by Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, until the last ones, struck under the Naṣriddynasty of Granada. A comprehensive view on the evolution of these coins is offered from a new perspective, including the latest contributions to the knowledge we have on this subject and raising new hypotheses. This paper is an update in which the main characteristics of the Andalusi coins of each period framed in its historical context are explored: coin legends, epigraphical characteristics, metrology, etc.; elements that turn the coins into a symbol of power of the different political authorities that ruled Al-Andalus.</strong>
Al-Andalus,Umayyad,Cordoba,Ḥammūdid,Ṭāۥ ifa Kingdoms,Almoravids,Almohads,Naṣrid,Coinage,Granada
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87829.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87829_4b1aefcbf0be7e09c877183df0d16b06.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
COFFEE CUP HOLDERS “AẒRUF” MADE OF BRASS“AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ARTISTIC STUDY”
91
102
EN
Ayman M.
EDRIS
0000-0001-5959-354X
Islamic Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt
ame00@fayoum.edu.eg
10.21608/shedet.004.06
<strong>Cup holders (Aẓruf) were important utensils used for coffee in Egypt and other parts of the Islamic world especially during the 13th (AH) / 19th (AD) century. This paper aims to study seven brass cup holders (aẓruf) from Al-Ashmunein storehouse in Mallawi town - Minia governorate - Egypt. These cup holders were not previously published; this is the first time they will be studied and published. This study includes a discussion of the term (ẓarf) and an explanation of the relationship between this term generally used in the past and the term (ẓarf), which means a cup holder. This study highlights design, motifs, and some functional and aesthetic values of these cup holders. Through some archaeological, historical and cultural evidence, this study will date these cup holders (aẓruf) and determine their provenance.</strong>
Cup holder,Ẓarf,Utensils,design,Decoration
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87830.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87830_dda317effb18aa3f305cef61b1bafbdd.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
A RARE PERSIAN PORTRAIT RUG “DATING & ANALYSIS”
103
114
EN
Hamada
THABET
Department of Islamic Archaeology, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt
htm00@fayoum.edu.eg
Ramy
Mohsen
Archaeologist, Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities
ramy_elmrakby@yahoo.com
10.21608/shedet.004.07
<strong>Τhis paper publishes and analyzes a Persian portrait rug. This rug is preserved in Store of Islamic Antiquities, Fayoum, Egypt, and register number 288. The problem of the study is that the carpet does not have a date. Therefore, the study depends on the analytical method in studying the writings and decorations and also studying the industrial technique of this rug to date it. This rug is from the second half of 19th century during the era of Nasser Al-Din Shah. The name written down on the rug reads “ĀrajIbnFīrwn" the son of Ādhārbāydjān ruler. Probably, the title ShahīnShah in the ‘Āraj portrait honoring himself inside the court of Ādhārbāydjān ruler or that the title is specific to Naṣir al-din Shaha contemporary to this Prince.</strong>
Rug - Persian- Portrait - Wool - Cotton- knot,Qajarī
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87831.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87831_b25c17a88df3e40c7ef72ca25b5e98e0.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
Tirnovo (since 1965 “VelikoTărnovo”) From Medieval Bulgarian Capital to Turkish Islamic Cultural Centre. A general overview
115
131
EN
Machiel
KIEL
Emeritus Professor of Islamic Architecture and Civilization, Senior Fellow of the Netherlands Institute in Turkey (NIT)
machiel.kiel@googlemail.com
10.21608/shedet.004.08
Veliko Tărnovo, the former historical city of Tirnovo, today is the capital of a province (Okrăg) in N.E. Bulgaria. Tirnovo is located on the Yantra River and is famously known as the historical capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire. The subject matter research is exploring the history, art and architecture of Tirnovo through ages; and specifically during the Ottoman times (1393-1878), when became an Islamic cultural centre. <br /> Tirnovo grew quickly, between the 12<sup>th</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> centuries, to become the strongest Bulgarian fortification of the Middle Ages, and the most important political, economic, cultural and religious centre of the Second Bulgarian Empire. In the 14th century, as the Byzantine Empire weakened, Tirnovo claimed to be the “Third Rome”, based on its influential cultural aspect in Eastern Europe.<br /> This paper discusses the development of population, architecture and cultural of Tirnovo in Ottoman times. It was a flourished centre of Islamic culture, with considerable examples of almost all known types of ottoman buildings.
Tirnovo,Veliko Tărnovo,Bulgaria,Ottoman,Turkish,Balkan,Islamic
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87833.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87833_46324ca7254a69a9f6fa2d714c318e71.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
Betel box (Pandan) from Mughal Era in India Preserved at National Museum of New Delhi “Comparative Artistic Study&First Published”
132
153
EN
Sameh
EL-BANNA
Archaeology Dep., Faculty of Arts, Assiut University, Egypt,
drsameh1@hotmail.com
10.21608/shedet.004.09
<strong>The subject matter research is a metal masterpiece published for the first time. Betel Boxes, or Pandan, are unique metal boxes made for preserving a mixture of betel leaves with other additives like areca, tobacco and nuts. The box being analyzed here, preserved at the National Museum of New Delhi in India, is one of many metal boxes that were common in the Mughal era, and many of these boxes are now found in various international museums and private collections. This metal box is particularly intriguing to study because this will be the first published study, there is a lack of scientific studies dealing with this types of boxes in general, and to have an overall understanding of the industrial and decorative techniques used in making these boxes in contrast to other metal boxes with similar functions. Four aspects of this particular betel box will be the focus of this study; first, its description, second, defining the term Pandan or Betel in light of its function, third, the craftsmanship /aesthetic, and fourth, a comparative study with other similar metal boxes preserved in international museums.</strong>
Pandan,Mughal,box,silver,brass,enamel
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87835.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87835_de63920b7afca54a9bdbb210fafb0d3f.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
THE MORTAR DAMAGE AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE GLAZED CERAMIC TILES IN TERBANA MOSQUE – ALEXANDRIA, EGYPT
155
166
EN
Elshaimaa
ABD-ELRAHIM
Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University/ Egypt
elshaimaa76@yahoo.com
Ibrahim
WESHAHY
ibrahim.weshahy@yahoo.com
10.21608/shedet.004.10
This research discusses the damaging factors of the mortar used to affix the glazed ceramic tiles on the walls of Terbana mosque (built in 1685, Ottoman period) in Alexandria, Egypt, and the extension of the damaged impact to the ceramic tiles. This famous, and particularly outstanding mosque with several suspended shops below it, is built in the Delta architectural style, with walls made of limestone blocks and a little red and black adobe for decorative work, a wooden roof and glazed ceramic tiles, with plants and geometric ornaments, adorn parts of the mosque walls. <br /> Salt content in the weather of Alexandria is relatively high; this salt is the largest contributor to the deterioration factor of Terbana mosque with varying degrees of deterioration. Impacts come in different forms; salts caused disintegration of the mortar into soft powder in some places and then pushed the outer surface of the limestone and brickwork.<br /> Where tiles have been installed in a building near the sea, they would be subject to degrees of salt deterioration, making it very difficult to prevent deterioration of the tiles or to the walls. Results from analytic methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), reveal a high percent of crystallized salts of sodium chloride NaCl (Halite) in the fixed mortar, in the body of the tiles, and in the glaze layer on the tiles surfaces. Proposed solutions to mitigate the salts deterioration are provided.
Terbana Mosque,Salt Tolerances,Delta Style,Sustain Cracks,The Grout,Affix,Reflective Cracking,waterproof mortar
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87836.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87836_75dc08ca1a3c9c8300efe6e300a0c4ee.pdf
Fayoum University; Faculty of Archaeology
Shedet
2356-8704
2536-9954
4
4
2017
12
01
ESTIMATION OF FIRING TEMPERATURE OF ISLAMIC CERAMIC USING XRD AND FTIR
167
174
EN
Hamada
Sadek
0000-0002-2890-2992
hsr00@fayoum.edu.eg
10.21608/shedet.004.11
<strong>Firing minerals plays an important role in the estimation of firing temperature and thermal transformation in ceramic components. In this study, a comparison between XRD and FTIR was used in order to identify the firing minerals of ceramic from Al-Fūsṭāṭ, Cairo (641-1168 AD). Two types of minerals described in this study, meta-stable minerals (e.g. Gehlenite and Wollastonite), and stable minerals (e.g. Diopside). The thermal minerals are an indicator of the firing temperature of archaeological ceramic. All selected objects were fired above 850-900 °C. The results indicate that the ceramic from Mamlūk period has high quality of production. Firing at high temperature produce hard ceramic that requires special conservation materials when it applied.</strong>
Ceramics,Firing minerals,Temperature,Mamlūk,XRD,FTIR,Diopside,Secondary calcite
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87837.html
https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_87837_1861e733d221f1e1cce85c2cf63344b4.pdf