Fayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201A torso of a Strategos in Kom-Oushim Storeroom, El-Fayoum11220585210.21608/shedet.2021.205852ENAbdel-Basset AliAbdel-FattahGreek-Roman Archaeology department- Faculty of Archaeology- El-Fayoum UniversityJournal Article20210221This paper examines the torso of a male figure housed in Kom-Oushim storeroom, El-Fayoum (Inv.no.307). This torso is carved in sandstone with a height of about 1.16 m. The head and feet are missing. The back-pillar is badly-damaged as well. The torso represents a man standing in a full-frontal pose, wearing two tight garments; a tight short-sleeved tunic with a round-shaped neck, and an Egyptian fringed mantel grasped by the left hand. The right arm is stretching along the body. The left leg is advanced, while the right leg is straight and pulled back. The main challenge in studying this torso is the lack of information about its archaeological context, the missing head, and the bad condition of the back pillar. The pattern of the dress helps the stylistic analysis, to understand the dedication and context of this torso. This torso represents a governor (<em>strategos</em>), and dates to the end of the 1<br /> <sup>st</sup>century BC or the beginning of the 1<sup>st</sup>century AD.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_205852_2e8f8b3ff38597a8a2830f9b36e2ba62.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201An Egyptian Scarab from Sanaᶜiye Site South of Tayma132220585910.21608/shedet.2021.205859ENEmad AhmedElsayyadDepartment of History and Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20210107The Saudi General Department of Antiquities and Museums in 1988 discovered six collective burials at the so-called industrial site "Sanaᶜiye" in Tayma. An Egyptian-style scarab with an inscription of the name of the god Amun was found on the site. The excavation report neglected to study this scarab, its presence in these burials, and its purpose. This scarab was not the only object representing the Egyptian influence, as a Wadjet-eye amulet accompanied it. The report itself has failed to describe and date these objects. <br /> The significance of this study is clarified by historically contextualising the data to identify the function of this scarab. Indeed, in Egypt, this object tended to be used as a seal or as a protection amulet. Both functions are considered as the scarab only bears the signs of the name Amun. <br /> In addition, this paper attempted to determine the scarab’s date, identifying it to be the reigns of Ramesses III or his successor at the latest. This reflects the Egyptian presence in the Late Ramesside era, in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_205859_091f14857079760b1ec53318c4cb23cf.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Loyalist Instruction of Kairsu: Section 14 (O. NMEC 339)233720586610.21608/shedet.2021.205866ENMarwa AhmedEwaisEgyptology, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt0000-0002-8949-2181Journal Article20210221This paper publishes the hieratic ostracon (O. NMEC 339) stored in the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization at Cairo, discovered during Edda Bresciani's excavations at Gurna in Thutmose IV temple in the 1970s. Its exact provenance in the temple is unknown, but it is among a group of hieratic ostraca that was found. The ostracon is a literary fragment inscribed with section 14 of a Loyalist Instruction of Kairsu, considered one of the important literary texts from the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom. This ostracon is a novel addition to the 18<sup>th</sup> Dynasty corpus of this composition, which is better known from its Ramesside version.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_205866_a31ec6e2c28c593d330e753c0690d97d.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Two Ramesside Stelae at The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM 9295 & 9444)385920777610.21608/shedet.2021.207776ENMarwaKAFAFYEgyptology, Faculty of Archaeology, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20210304Two funerary stelae, preserved in the Grand Egyptian Museum, are studied, both show the same individual named piAy. With their provenance unknown, their style allows to date to the 19<br /> <sup>th</sup><br /> and 20<br /> <sup>th</sup><br /> Dynasties. The first GEM 9295 with a pyramidion on top shows two main registers. The second GEM 9444 is a rounded-top stela with one large scene.The study includes transliteration, translation, and analysis of names and accompanying titles, as well a proposed reconstruction of the family tree of the owner of the first stelae.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207776_88a5546c5c9311ace5b3de485cae9d8c.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Armless Figures in Ancient Egypt Until The End of The New Kingdom607420777810.21608/shedet.2021.207778ENMona Abou El MaatiEl NadiDepartment of Egyptology Faculty of Archeology Cairo University0000-0003-1115-9693Journal Article20210103Figures with physical disabilities were rarely represented in ancient Egyptian art. The idealistic representation of the body was the customary rule followed by gods and kings. Predynastic and Dynastic exceptions suggest the intention to display disability by representing figures with bodies but without their arms. It is argued that the armless figures must have played a significant role, especially during funerary rituals. Predynastic examples discussed here include figures without arms related to funerary rituals, accompanying the funerary boats or deposited inside tombs to bless the deceased. Dynastic examples raise the possibility that these armless figures were divine and may have played a dedicated role in the deceased’s funerary fate. A lack of arms may have represented the state of disability itself. The armless figures may have imitated the sun god’s period of weakness during his journey through the night, perhaps playing a role that was suspended for a while, and continued in the afterlife. Their role may have been as guardians of the burial place or demons protecting the deceased. Some divine figures appear with a definite role to help the sun god in his night hours journey, as in the <em>Amduat</em>.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207778_896e3e779afb500ba956bc5d669ee615.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201A Ptolemaic Naophorous Statue from The Karnak Cachette (CAIRO JE 36682)758520777910.21608/shedet.2021.207779ENNashatALZOHARYAin Shams UniversityJournal Article20210408This article presents the Ptolemaic naophorous statue of@r son of Ii-m-Htp and &A-xy-biAt. He is holding a naos containing a figure of the god Osiris. This object (JE 36682) is presented in the Cairo Museum. The statue, its inscriptions, and its dating are discussed. It is today displayed in R 25 W6 B of the Cairo Museum. This statue has not been published hitherto. This statue may be dated to the second half of the 3<sup>rd</sup> century BC.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207779_43ea2d15fcbbfbd8c18e8b36db3e0177.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201The Stela of Hepu from The Late Middle Kingdom (GEM 23753/ JE 41638)869720778110.21608/shedet.2021.207781ENTamer Mohamed FawziHusseinEgyptian Archaeology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia Univ., Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt.Journal Article20210102This paper aims to publish and study a round-topped limestone stela belonging to Hpw. In good condition, it is kept at the Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM 23753). This paper tackles the offering formula terminology, the artistic style, and the spelling and palaeographic features. This stela is dated to the 13th Dynasty. The stela was made by a local artist as indicated by the rough outlines in areas of the stela.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207781_bfab92ef36b5c51659811474055415f8.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Ptolemaic and Roman Vessels of Scented Oil from Kiman Faris – Krokodilopolis9811020588610.21608/shedet.2021.205886ENYahya Elshahat MohamedMahmoudGreek and Roman Archaeology Department- Faculty of Archaeology- Fayoum University - El-Fayoum - Egypt.Journal Article20210104Small pottery vessels of scented oil were discovered during salvage excavations held between 1960 and 2005 at Kiman Faris (Medinet El-Fayoum) led by the Inspectorate of Antiquities of Fayoum. This study aims to identify the differences between these vessels and compare them to similar examples from Egyptian sites and abroad. The majority of them are made of Egyptian fabrics, with both alluvial and marl clays. These vessels reflect the Greek influence on culture and technology, through perfumes and cosmetics during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_205886_24fec2a41edb975adbfea0992ea05ea6.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201The Influences of Islamic Architecture on Sikh Architecture in Punjab Region from The 16th-19th ce11113820783610.21608/shedet.2021.207836ENGhadaElgemaieyCairo University, EgyptJournal Article20210305ABSTRACT<br /> This paper will trace the influence of Islamic architecture on Sikh buildings in the Punjab region of the north–west of India (10th-13<sup>th</sup> AH/ 16-19<sup>th</sup> CE. This influence was a direct result of the solid roots of Islamic architecture India’s Mughal Empire during the same aforementioned period. In return, the latter influenced by Islamic art and architecture in Iran.<br /> This manuscript presents Sikh religious architecture along with its origins and components; by giving a brief overview of the Sikhism’s various contexts including the region, socio-political history and analysing its architecture. It focuses on the <em>Gurudwara</em>; the temple and the focal point of the Sikhism.<br /> The paper shows to what extend the <em>Gurudwara</em> is a distinguished example showing the combination of Mughal Indian and Safavid architecture along with Sikh entirely new units. Moreover, Hindu architecture was also one of the <em>Gurudwara</em> architecture origins as appear in the distribution of the units. <br /> The study concluded that the similarity of Islamic architecture and Sikh architecture is due to that many architects and artists of the <em>Gurudwara</em> were Muslims.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207836_bdc5ba2d0fe5751160599f67cef607eb.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Warehouse Sale Contract from Al-Fayyūm from The Year 371 ah / 981 ce13914820783810.21608/shedet.2021.207838ENAhmedKamalCairo University, Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities0000-0003-1721-1050TamerMokhtarHelwan University, EgyptJournal Article20200507Most preserved Arabic documents come from al-Fayyūm. The publication and study of these documents rewrites the history of this region in the early Islamic era. Among the topics recorded on these documents are sales contracts, revealing one important practical application of the Islamic law.<br /> This article aims to publish and discuss a warehouse makhzan and a portico usṭuwān sale contract, currently preserved at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo and dated 371 AH / 981 AD. These are compared to similar published contracts and the data provided in legal handbooks.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207838_40e1aae690336dffc56e4ba1b08e0799.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Archaeometallurgical Characterization and Condition Assessment of Ancient Roman Coins from Egypt14916718161510.21608/shedet.2021.82804.1067ENHasnaaAhmedHeritage Science Mobile Lab, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, EgyptGamalMahgoubConservation department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, EgyptSalehMohamedConservation department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, EgyptAbdelrazekElnaggarHeritage Science Mobile Lab, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
Conservation department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, EgyptJournal Article20210627This paper presents scientific investigations of three ancient Roman coins excavated from Al Sheikh Zuweid, Sinai city in 2002. A punch of examination and analytical techniques consists of stereo microscope, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to study the morphological characteristics of the coins patina, to identify the chemical composition of the metallic core, to determine the corrosion products and to understand the corrosion mechanism. The results indicate that copper is the major element of the three coins with small proportion of silver and tin. The presence of tin in the composition of two coins refers to bronze alloy. The identification of the exact corrosion products is determined by XRD analysis. The results reveal that the corrosion products consist mainly of cuprite and tenorite. Also, the results indicate that the coins were buried in a soil rich in chloride ions due to the presence of copper hydroxychlorides such as paratacamite and atacamite. Metallographic investigation is used to reveal the coins manufacture and identify spatial distribution of the alloy components and phases. Also, metallographic investigation indicates pitting corrosion resulted from the attack of chloride and the occurrence of a “bronze disease” phenomenon. The results of this study can provide valuable information that helping in conservation and preservation of the archaeological coins.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_181615_09e7fddd907849110b4cb9ca28b993b3.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Characterization of Rock Varnish Ferromanganese Crusts on Ancient Egyptian Wall Paintings from Bahariya Oasis, Egypt16818520786610.21608/shedet.2021.207866ENAhmed MElshabrawyConservation department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Egypt.0000-0001-5558-3598Mona FouadAliconservation department ,Faculty of Archaeology,Cairo Unversity
conservation department ,Faculty of Archaeology,Cairo Unversity0000-0001-6631-5003Journal Article20200704The black crust phenomenon appears clearly in the Bannentiu tomb, an ancient Egyptian tomb back to the 26th dynasty in the Bahariya oasis, one of the main iron ores in Egypt’s western desert. The black crusts are attributed to the high content of Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxides components in the sandstone host rock formation as cement materials. Nondestructive investigations were carried out for the collected samples using optical microscopy, XRD, XRF, and SEM–EDX analyses. The observed results indicate that silica, iron, manganese compounds, clay minerals, and other remaining elements classify the black crusts as one of the rock varnish species. The present study aims to analyze and classify the chemical composition and mineralogy of the black crusts formed on the wall paintings of the Bannentiu tomb. Moreover, the study proposes a model formation for the rock varnish on the Bannentiu tomb wall painting. The proposed simulation relies on high ratios of Fe and Mn in the host rock and the microclimatic factors that cause the migration of these elements to the surface, with the oxidization factors giving rise to oxides and hydroxides low crystallinity.https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207866_52c1c573bdda052aae3d8eb55a6ce611.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201Conservation of An Actively Corroding Rare Copper-based Object from The Museum of Jordanian Heritage, Jordan18619920787110.21608/shedet.2021.207871ENZiadAL SAADAbdelrahman MohamedElsetogyfayoum universitySana'AZAIZEHJournal Article20200505Copper-based artefacts excavated from high chloride burial environments can develop destructive cyclic corrosion known as the bronze disease when exposed to uncontrolled humidity and oxygen. This research deals with the corrosion behaviour and conservation of a rare Ayyubid Mamluk copper cauldron used for boiling sugar syrup for sugar production in the Jordan Valley. The object was kept in the Museum of Jordanian Heritage storage area for about ten years under uncontrolled and unfavourable climatic conditions. The object developed active corrosion, which threatens its existence. This study aims to preserve the object by implementing proper conservation interventions based on the diagnosis of the corrosion behaviour of the object. Analytical techniques including ICP-OES, X-Ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, and Metallographic examinations were used to determine the object chemical composition, manufacturing technology and corrosion behaviour. The object was treated using a multi-step conservation process that included mechanical cleaning, treatment with benzotriazole, protective coating and the creation of a controlled microclimate. Its conservation enabled the transfer of the cauldron from being stored to being exhibited. https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_207871_732ac9c1d5332bf29d4f45aa3e433143.pdfFayoum University; Faculty of ArchaeologyShedet2356-87048820211201VOCABULAIRE D’ARCHITECTURE EGYPTIENNE, by Franck Monnier, Bruxelles: Editions Safran, 2013. Précisions no. 2. ISBN-10: 2874570532. Pp. 30420020421479010.21608/shedet.2021.214790ENAhmedMansourWriting and Scripts Centre, Bibliotheca AlexandrinaJournal Article20210103https://shedet.journals.ekb.eg/article_214790_a981c1605cdef9c845620f7d655f73bd.pdf