ABSTRACT Muslims used magic numbers as religious mandalas, meditation tools, talismans, and amulets. These numbers were put on a variety of raw materials such as ceramics, metal, wood, fabric, and more. Known as a 4×4 magic square, or a magic square of the order 4, the numbers used added to 195. This quotient is known as the magic constant. This article is a study of nine Chinese porcelain bowels with magic squares that include Quranic and Shiite writing. The study examines the mathematical operations of these numbers, using historical, analytical, and comparative approaches. The meaning of the numbers is also analyzed to understand their symbolism and how the numbers are linked to the surrounding Arabic texts.
Hagras, H. (2024). Chinese Porcelain with Arabic Magic Squares from the Qing Dynasty: An Archaeological Study. Shedet, 13(13), 267-294. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2023.219498.1202
MLA
Hamada Hagras. "Chinese Porcelain with Arabic Magic Squares from the Qing Dynasty: An Archaeological Study", Shedet, 13, 13, 2024, 267-294. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2023.219498.1202
HARVARD
Hagras, H. (2024). 'Chinese Porcelain with Arabic Magic Squares from the Qing Dynasty: An Archaeological Study', Shedet, 13(13), pp. 267-294. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2023.219498.1202
VANCOUVER
Hagras, H. Chinese Porcelain with Arabic Magic Squares from the Qing Dynasty: An Archaeological Study. Shedet, 2024; 13(13): 267-294. doi: 10.21608/shedet.2023.219498.1202
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